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Data-Driven A data-driven Web site consists of Web pages whose content depends upon ( is driven by ) the data stored in a database. For example, when you search the Internet with a search engine such as Google, you re basically sending a query string to Google s database. What you get back is a dynamic page created in response to your query; exactly what appears on it depends on what you searched for. The page s specific content is driven (determined) by what s in Google s database that matches what you searched for. ASP.NET 2.0 ASP stands for Active Server Pages, and is Microsoft s fundamental technology for building dynamic, data-driven Web sites. As with all technologies, ASP has evolved over the years to become ever more powerful and easy to use. As I write this book, ASP.NET 2.0 is the latest version of ASP. It s also the version of ASP used by Visual Web Developer to create dynamic data-driven Web sites. To publish a site you created with Visual Web Developer, you must find a hosting provider that supports ASP.NET 2.0. Visual Studio Visual Studio is Microsoft s main software-development tool. It has all kinds of functionality for creating all kinds of programs. It s big, complex, and easy to get lost in because Visual Studio provides a seemingly-endless array of tools and options. Even so, Visual Web Developer is (believe it or not) a greatly uncomplicated version of Visual Studio; it focuses on developing one type of application: dynamic, data-driven Web sites. In effect, Visual Web Developer just hides the parts of Visual Studio that aren t relevant to developing Web applications. IDE IDE acronym stands for Integrated Development Environment. Both Visual Studio and Visual Web Developer are IDEs. They re called integrated because they give you access to all the various tools and technologies you need to get the job done. 322 Part IV: The Part of Tens
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Chapter 13 Ten Terms to Make You Look Smart Even if this book were 3,000 pages long, it still wouldn t be long enough to cover everything there is to know about Visual Web Developer, HTML, CSS, ASP.NET, and programming. You ll often need to refer to online resources or books for more information. Given that Visual Web Developer is a tool for software developers, you ll have to get accustomed to terminology that developers use. This chapter presents the top ten terms that everyone will assume you already know and understand. Web Application Familiar computer terms can change when they venture onto the World Wide Web. For instance, you may already know application as a program such as a word processor or spreadsheet, but the term Web application basically means a Web site or Web page that contains more than just static, unchanging HTML and text that looks the same to all visitors. A Web application is more dynamic than that; the page s exact content is created just before the page is sent. Exactly what the visitor sees depends on who that visitor is, or the specific information the user requested. Developer There are two main types of computer users in the world, those who use software, and those who create software. The people who create software are called developers. Everyone else is called a user. It s a lot easier to be a user than a developer. As a user, you can often figure out how to do things just by guessing and hacking away until you get it right. Not so for a developer. You have to actually know how the technology works as well as what you re doing with it to create software. Guessing and hacking away at random generally leads to nothing but endless hours of hair-pulling frustration.
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In this part . . . Welcome to the Part of Tens. Here you discover the actual plain-English meaning of the top ten buzzwords Web developers use to describe their tools and techniques. After that, you get a treasure map to ten online places where Web developers get their information, ask questions, and get answers.
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Part IV The Part of Tens
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How easy, or how difficult, it all seems really depends on your perspective. Clearly, if you re already familiar with database concepts and SQL, things will seem easy because you can do so much without writing any code. If you re new to database management, you may want to invest some time boning up on database design basics and SQL to understand the full creative potential these controls offer. Figure 12-68: Page from Figure 12-67 in a Web browser. Figure 12-67: Text, GridView, and FormView controls in Design view. 318 Part III: Personalization and Databases
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When you ve finished defining the query, click OK in the Query Builder. Then click Next and Finish to return to the page. The only thing you d really need to format in the GridView control would be the ItemPrice field, which will show in that 29.9500 format if you don t set its Format to Currency. To format the ItemPrice column, choose Edit Columns from the GridView s Common Tasks menu. Choose Subtotal from the Selected Fields box near the bottom of the dialog box. Then set that field s DataFormatString property to {0:C} as shown in the examples presented earlier in this chapter. While you re at it, click the + sign next to ItemStyle in the Properties list, then set the HorizontalAlign property to Right to have number right-align within the column. Then click OK. In Design view, the page won t look like much, just the usual placeholders. Figure 12-67 shows an example. The Sales by Customer text at the top of the page is just text I typed right into the page. The GridView is bound to the query shown back in Figure 12-64, which subtotals by user. The FormView control is the same as described at the start of this section. When viewed in a Web browser, though, the page shows total sales by user, with a grand total at the bottom, as shown in Figure 12-68. You could create three separate pages, one for each type of query, making it easy to view subtotals and totals by user, product, or month. It s important to understand that all of the examples you ve seen in this chapter are just examples. There s almost no limit to the things you can do with the GridView, DetailsView, DataList, and FormView data controls in Visual Web Developer. In this chapter, we ve barely scratched the tip of the proverbial surface. But this should be enough to get you in the ball game, and to see how you can easily bind data controls to SQL server tables and views to extract whatever data you need to show on a Web page. Figure 12-66: Group By and Sum to subtotal by Month. Chapter 12: Using Data in Web Pages 317
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The above example assumes you want to see subtotals based on users. Suppose that you wanted to subtotal by Item rather than by Customer. You could use the OurItemId, ItemName, and ItemPrice columns, with only the ItemPrice column set to Sum. Then enter meaningful aliases for the GridView s column headings, as shown in Figure 12-65. If you prefer to subtotal my month, rather than by customer or item, you ll need to use some custom expressions. In my example, the TransactionDate field contains the date of each transaction. You can use the following expressions to group by month number, month name, and year: MONTH(TransactionDate): Isolates the month number of the TransactionDate field. This field is for sorting purposes only, so you can clear its Output check box to hide it in the query results. Set its Sort Type to Ascending. MONTHNAME(TransactionDate): Isolates the month name from the TransactionDate. The Query Builder will change the syntax of this one slightly to read {fn MONTHNAM(TransactionDate)}. But don t worry about that. It happens automatically if, and only if, the specific expression you entered requires the modified syntax. You can just let it happen and not fret over it. YEAR(TransactionDate): Isolates the year of the TransactionDate. Set this item s Sort Type column to Ascending as well, so items are listed in month and year order. Figure 12-66 shows how you d use the expressions in the grid portion of the query. Notice that I m sorting by the month number and year, to get the records to be displayed in chronological order. As always, all fields except ItemPrice are set to Group By, since only ItemPrice needs to be totaled. Figure 12-65: Group By and Sum to subtotal by Item. 316 Part III: Personalization and Databases
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In the next box that opens, click the Query Builder button to get to the more advanced query builder. In the Add Table dialog box that opens, click the Views tab, click DetailedUsersItemsView, click Add, then click Close to close the Add Tables dialog box. How you set up the query depends on how you want to group the subtotals. First, right-click some empty space at the top of the Query Builder and choose Add Group By to add a Group By column to the grid. Then, if you want to subtotal by users, choose the UserName, Email, and ItemPrice columns from the Field List. Then set the Group By column to Sum for the ItemPrice field, as in Figure 12-64. Notice in Figure 12-64 I also set the Alias column for each field. Whatever you type into the Alias column will appear at the top of the column in the GridView control. The default aliases will be generic (Expr1, Expr2, and so forth), which isn t particularly meaningful information to someone viewing a page. So you wouldn t necessarily want those names appearing at the top of the GridView control. The easy way to put more meaningful names at the top of a GridView control is to just change those generic names to whatever names you want to put at the top of the GridView. The square brackets you see in the figure around the [User] and [Email Address] names are only required when the column name might conflict with some other name. But you don t have to worry about that. After you type an alias name of your own choosing, the Query Builder will automatically add square brackets if (and only if) they re needed. You can click the Execute Query button near the bottom of the Query Builder window to test the query. The query results appear in the bottom pane of the window. Figure 12-64: Group By and Sum to subtotal by User. Chapter 12: Using Data in Web Pages 315
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which is the sum of all the ItemPrice fields in DetailedItemsUsersView, expressed in a more meaningful format than Expr1: 469.4000. Showing subtotals Showing just the grand total of sales on a Web page is useful, but chances are you might also want to see things subtotaled by customer, product, or month. You could add a GridView control on the same page as the Grand Total, and have that GridView control show multiple records with the appropriate grouping. For example, with the previous FormView1 control still on the page, press Ctrl+Home a couple of times, and press Enter a couple of times, to make some space above the FormView control. Then drag a GridView control into that space at the top of the page. From the GridView s Common Tasks menu, select Choose Data Source. , as usual. Then choose Database and click OK. Choose your usual Connection String and click Next. You ll come to the Configure the Select Statement page where you ll once again need to choose Specify a custom SQL statement or stored procedure, then click Next. Figure 12-63: Item- Template for sample FormView control. Figure 12-62: Databindings for the Expr1 Label control. 314 Part III: Personalization and Databases
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Click OK at the bottom of the Query Builder. Then click Next, and then click Finish. In Design view, you end up with a FormView control that just shows: Expr1:0 Viewing that page in a Web browser shows something like the example below (though the number will be the sum of whatever values are in the ItemPrice field of the view at the moment): Expr1: 469.4000 As it stands, the information presented by the control isn t exactly selfexplanatory. But you can edit the control s template to show anything you want. First you need to close the Web browser (if it s open) to get back to the Design view of the page. Then right-click the FormView control, choose Show Smart Tag, then choose Edit Templates. To show the sum in currency format rather than in the 469.4000 format, do as you did in the DataList control. That is, right-click [Expr1Label], choose Show Smart Tag, then choose Edit Data Bindings. Set the Format to Currency {0:C} and clear the Two-way databinding check box as shown in Figure 12-62, and click OK. You need only choose Two-way databinding if you intend to edit data in a FormView control. However, if you want to edit data, you d be better off using a DetailsView control, as it s a lot easier with DetailsView. In the ItemTemplate, replace the text Expr1: with Grand Total: as shown in Figure 12-63. When you view the page in a browser, the control shows: Grand Total: $469.40 Figure 12-61: A query to sum the ItemPrice field in Detailed Users ItemsView. Chapter 12: Using Data in Web Pages 313
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